Sodium benzoate is a white, crystalline powder that is a result of the reaction of benzoic acid with sodium hydroxide. In large concentrations, it holds an unpleasant, saline, astringent taste.
The optimum pH of this chemical is between 2.5 and 4, and is found to be non-corrosive. As it is usually in a solid white powder or flake, it is dissolved in water for use.
Sodium benzoate dissociates to form sodium ions and benzoic acid ions. The functional group that is found to be present is both the hydrocarbon derivative, ester, and the hydrocarbon, aromatic benzene ring.
The ester is formed when carboxylic acid reacts with alcohol, which is how sodium benzoate is created. Likewise, since it lacks the hydroxide (-OH), it is less soluble in water, less polar, and is not acidic